Phase 1 study of alisertib (MLN8237) and weekly irinotecan in adults with advanced solid tumors
Purpose: Aurora kinases are overexpressed or amplified in numerous malignancies. This study was designed to determine the safety and tolerability of the Aurora A kinase inhibitor alisertib (MLN8237) when combined with weekly irinotecan.
Methods: In this single-center phase 1 study, adult patients with refractory advanced solid tumors received 100 mg/m2 irinotecan intravenously on day 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle. Alisertib at planned escalating dose levels of 20-60 mg was administered orally twice per day on days 1-3 and 8-10.
Patients homozygous for UGT1A1*28 were excluded. The primary objective was the safety of alisertib when combined with irinotecan to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Secondary objectives included overall response rate by RECIST and pharmacokinetics in a planned expansion cohort of patients with colorectal cancer treated at the MTD.
Results: A total of 17 patients enrolled at three dose levels. Dose-limiting toxicities included diarrhea, dehydration, and neutropenia. The MTD of alisertib combined with weekly irinotecan was 20 mg twice per day on days 1-3 and 8-10. One fatal cardiac arrest at the highest dose level tested was deemed possibly related to drug treatment. One partial response in 11 efficacy evaluable patients (9%) occurred in a patient with small cell lung cancer. The study was terminated prior to the planned expansion in patients with colorectal cancer.
Conclusion: In contrast to prior results in a pediatric population, adult patients did not tolerate alisertib combined with irinotecan at clinically meaningful doses due to hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicities. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under study number NCT01923337 on Aug 15, 2013.
Keywords: Alisertib; Aurora kinase A; Irinotecan; Phase I.
A Phase II Trial of Alisertib (MLN8237) in Salvage Malignant Mesothelioma
Lessons learned: Treatment with the Aurora kinase A inhibitor yields often durable disease control, but limited tumor regression, in heavily pretreated patients with unresectable malignant pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma. In a limited sample size, MYC copy-number gain or gene amplification, a candidate predictive biomarker for alisertib, did not correlate with improved response numbers or patient outcomes.
Background: Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive disease for which few effective therapies are available. The Aurora family kinases are critical for mitotic fidelity and highly expressed in mesothelioma, wherein their inhibition leads to growth arrest in vitro. We evaluated the efficacy of alisertib, an Aurora A kinase inhibitor, in relapsed malignant mesothelioma.
Methods: Twenty-six patients with previously treated, unresectable pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma were enrolled on a single-arm, single-institution phase II trial of alisertib at a dosage of 50 mg twice daily for 7 of every 21 days. The primary endpoint was 4-month disease control rate. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate, progression free survival, overall survival, safety/toxicity, and correlation of endpoints with MYC copy number.
Results: Of the 25 evaluable patients treated on study, 8 (32%) experienced 4-month disease control, surpassing the futility endpoint. There were no confirmed partial or complete responses. Median progression-free and overall survival were 2.8 months and 6.3 months, respectively. No associations between MYC copy number and outcomes were observed.
Conclusion: Alisertib has modest activity in this unselected malignant mesothelioma population. Several patients achieved durable disease control. Although the study did meet its prespecified futility endpoint, the sponsor elected to close the trial at the interim analysis.
Biotransformation Pathways and Metabolite Profiles of Oral [14C]-Alisertib (MLN8237), an Investigational Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.
Alisertib (MLN8237) is an investigational, orally available, selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
This metabolic profiling analysis was conducted as part of a broader phase 1 study evaluating mass balance, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and routes of excretion of alisertib following a single 35 mg dose of [14C]-alisertib oral solution (~80 μCi) in three patients with advanced malignancies. On average, 87.8% and 2.7% of the administered dose was recovered in feces and urine, respectively, for a total recovery of 90.5% by 14 days post-dose. Unchanged [14C]-alisertib was the predominant drug-related component in plasma, followed by O-desmethyl alisertib (M2; 34.6% of total plasma radioactivity) and alisertib acyl glucuronide (M1; 12.0% of total plasma radioactivity).
In urine, of the 2.7% of the dose excreted, unchanged [14C]-alisertib was a minor component, with M1 (0.84% of dose) and glucuronide conjugate of hydroxy alisertib (M9; 0.66% of dose) representing the primary drug-related components in urine. Hydroxy-alisertib (M3; 20.8% of the dose administered) and unchanged [14C]-alisertib (26.3% of the dose administered) were the major drug-related components in feces.
In vitro, oxidative metabolism of alisertib was primarily mediated by CYP3A. The acyl glucuronidation of alisertib was primarily mediated by UGT1A1, 1A3, and 1A8 and was stable in 0.1M phosphate buffer and in plasma and urine.
Further in vitro evaluation of alisertib and its metabolites M1 and M2 for CYP-based drug-drug interaction (DDI) showed minimal potential for perpetrating DDI with co-administered drugs. Overall, renal elimination played an insignificant role in the disposition of alisertib, and metabolites resulting from phase I oxidative pathways contributed to >58% of the alisertib dose recovered in urine and feces over 192 hours post-dose.
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study describes the primary clearance pathways of alisertib and illustrates the value of timely conduct of human ADME studies in providing guidance to the clinical pharmacology development program for oncology drugs, for which a careful understanding of sources of exposure variability is crucial to inform risk management for DDIs given the generally limited therapeutic window for anticancer drugs and polypharmacy that is common in cancer patients.
Phase 1 study of the Aurora kinase A inhibitor alisertib (MLN8237) combined with the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat in lymphoid malignancies.
Alisertib, an Aurora kinase A inhibitor, was evaluated in a Phase 1 study in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat, in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoid malignancies (N = 34; NCT01567709). Patients received alisertib plus vorinostat in 21-day treatment cycles with escalating doses of alisertib following a continuous or an intermittent schedule.
MLN8237 (Alisertib) |
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| A4110-10 | ApexBio | 10 mg | 96 EUR |
MLN8237 (Alisertib) |
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| A4110-200 | ApexBio | 200 mg | 856 EUR |
MLN8237 (Alisertib) |
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| A4110-5 | ApexBio | 5 mg | 56 EUR |
MLN8237 (Alisertib) |
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| A4110-5.1 | ApexBio | 10 mM (in 1mL DMSO) | 60 EUR |
MLN8237 (Alisertib) |
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| A4110-50 | ApexBio | 50 mg | 288 EUR |
MLN8237 (Alisertib) |
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| A4110-S | ApexBio | Evaluation Sample | 24 EUR |
MLN8237 (Alisertib) |
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| M76000 | EpiGentek | 5 mg | 514.14 EUR |
MLN8237(Alisertib) |
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| MBS576776-100mg | MyBiosource | 100mg | 425 EUR |
MLN8237(Alisertib) |
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| MBS576776-10mg | MyBiosource | 10mg | 175 EUR |
MLN8237(Alisertib) |
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| MBS576776-25mg | MyBiosource | 25mg | 220 EUR |
MLN8237(Alisertib) |
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| MBS576776-50mg | MyBiosource | 50mg | 315 EUR |
All dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were hematologic and there were no study-related deaths. The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of the combination was 20 mg bid of alisertib and 200 mg bid of vorinostat on the intermittent schedule. A 13-patient expansion cohort was treated for a total of 18 patients at the RP2D. There were no DLTs at the RP2D, and toxicities were mainly hematologic.
Two patients with DLBCL achieved a durable complete response, and two patients with HL achieved partial response. Alisertib plus vorinostat showed encouraging clinical activity with a manageable safety profile in heavily pretreated patients with advanced disease.